Alternative fules-----history Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Alternative fules-----history - Assignment Example e early 19th century petroleum, became an alternative option to whale oil that was initially used by people in lighting lamps and it led to the death of large number of whales in the oceans. The dawn of the 20th century was marked by the appearance of ethanol as the alternative to gasoline. The rise in the alternative fuel sources came due to the ever increasing demand for more environmental friendly fuels. The traditional fuels were mainly from natural resources such as those from fossil fuels that included oil, gas and coal and they were diminishing at a very high rate. This led to the constant increase in the price level of fuels as well as increased dependency by the world’s leading economies. The negative impacts of the continued use of non-renewable energy sources has been witnessed in the world by the occurrence of global warming, depletion of the ozone layer due to the increased emission of greenhouse gases emitted in the process of burning fossil fuels. Increased air pollution as well as soil erosion have been attributed to the use of fossil fuels. These factors triggered the need for alternative sources of fuel so as to reduce environmental degradation. Human beings have increasingly realized their mistakes as far as energy is concerned and they have b egun to come up with alternative fuels that are friendly to the environment. Examples of alternative fuels that have been introduced in the recent past include wind and solar energy that are not depleted and their continued use does not cause harm to either human beings or other living things. The use of fossil fuels have been an ongoing process and has been an essential source of energy since humans first discovered coal. From Neolithic times to the eighteenth century, humans made only minor improvements to coal and wood-burning technology. The steam engines that were invented in the 1700s were the first machines to use fossil fuels to power mechanical processes. By the year 1802, many cities in the

Final Exam Study Guide Essay Example for Free

Final Exam Study Guide Essay Review Sheet Delivered on Monday, December 2, for the Final Exam to be administered on Monday, December 9. Gai Ferdon, Ph. D. Carefully consider each the following questions and be prepared to answer all of them in a multiple question format. The Exam will not contain questions unrelated to these unless presented for extra credit. To facilitate reflective thinking, the Exam will also contain questions related to quotations found in works by significant individuals mentioned in class, for you to examine and tease out the basic assumptions. This review sheet has been delivered one-week in advance of the Exam, offering you ample time to prepare. You are encouraged to tackle sections of the review sheet, presented as subject headings identical with lecture handouts. Budget your time wisely to ensure a successful grade. Move Towards American Independence and State Constitutions American War for Independence (â€Å"1763† 1776-1783) 1. Who originally crafted the Declaration of Independence? With this, what is the significance of ‘Congress’ in its title? Who further altered and ratified the document? – Committee of 5 (Jefferson, Franklin, Adams, Sherman, Robert Livingston) – It’s a split, severing connections with Britain – Continental congress 2. What is the significance of the Declaration of Independence relative to the American Constitutional Order and System? It was a legal charter for the USA 3. Be able to identify the civil principle clearly enunciated in the Declaration of Independence known as the â€Å"Doctrine of the Lower Magistrate. † In this regard, you will need to refresh yourself on the role of the Continental Congresses. Lower magistrate corrects Upper magistrate 4. What is meant by the phrase â€Å"Laws of Nature and Nature’s God,† as America’s legal claim for separation from Great Britain and located in the preamble to the Declaration of Independence? – Their philosophical region for separating from great Britain. God endowed us with certain rights and if they are violated we are allowed to separate from whomever is violating them. 5. You will be required to read certain portions of the Declaration of Independence to tease out its civil principles. In this regard, be able to identify the ‘justification for legal authority’ to separate from Britain, which represents the legal claim made by the representatives. With this, how can we be certain that the Declaration of Independence is not a â€Å"deistic document† textually? Long train of abuses and user patience / they call on God as a witness 6. Three-fourths of the Declaration of Independence is devoted to enumerating twenty-eight charges against King George III. Twenty-four of these charges were originally located in State Constitutions. These grievances also depict violations in relation to what? 7. Does the Declaration of Independence delineate of express a structure of government, or a prerogative of power, and hence, representative of a Constitution? NO 8. What is the difference between the engrossment of the Declaration of Independence and the Dunlop Edition? Engrossment It was handwritten and then signed Dunlop was printed and handed out 9. When did the United States become a sovereign nation? July 4th 1776 10. Where is the engrossment of the Declaration of Independence housed? NARA Articles of Confederation 1781-1789: A System of Confederalism and State Sovereignty and the U. S. Constitutional Convention (May 25 – September 1787): Steps Towards a More Perfect Union 1. What was the nature of the civil arrangement of the Articles government? In other words, was it national, confederal, or federal? – Confederal Government 2. What led to the move towards the Constitutional Convention of 1787? The weakness of the articles of Confederation 3. Make certain you are able to identify the correct dates relative to the adoption of the Declaration of Independence as well as the ratification of the Articles of Confederation, and the adoption of the U. S. Constitution by the Constitutional Convention. Declaration – July 4th 1776 Articles of Confed. – November 15th 1777 US Constitution – September 17, 1787 4. Be able to identify the nature of the deliberations during the constitutional convention. In other words, what was the main concern in regards to forming a new national civil structure? 5. What is the nature of the civil arrangement of the U. S. Constitution? In other words, was it national, confederal, or federal? Confederal What is the nature of federalism? Nature of Federalism – Abuse Power 6. Who drafted the U. S. Constitution? – Committee of 5 (Oliver Ellsworth, James Wilson, Edmund Randolph, Nathaniel Gorhand) 7. Who ratified the U. S. Constitution? – The states The United States Constitution: A Civil Covenant 1. What is the significance of the Federalist Papers (1787-1788)? Be prepared to read excerpts from some of these editorials to tease out the basic ideas. 2. What is the significance of Elliot’s Debates? – The record of the debates of the states on whether they would ratify the constitution or not. 3. What represents the philosophical nature of the U. S. Constitution? – Limited civil government to ensure ordered Liberty 4. Be able to identify the definition of a republic which the U. S. Constitution embodies. – PowerPoint 18 5. Be able to identify the proper definition of federalism. – Divided authority and diffuse power to a tri part system with checks and balances within a constitutional framework for the sake of ordered liberty. (Sovereignty lies no where, its spread out through the entire system. ) Slide 4 6. Why are people best governed by a diversity of power as opposed to a unity of power? Diversity of power makes tyranny harder to achieve 7. What is the law of the nature of the power of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, which the U. S. Constitution assumes to be true? In other words, what is the function of each of these branches? What Constitutional Articles identify the nature of these powers? – Articles 1-3 slide 9 8. Be able to identify the federal nature of the US Constitution. In this regard, you will be expected to identify the mechanics and structure of Federalism. With this, do not neglect the place of checks and balances and separation of powers as part of Federalism know these categories as well. – Federal in nature, republican in form 9. Be able to identify some of the principal instruments of checking and balancing outlined in the U. S. Constitution. – Veto powers in terms of office. All are located in lecture 18 10. What are the four kinds of power associated with the U. S. Constitution? What is the definition of each? – Enumerated – The power that is expressly given, Implied – Powers that are not expressly given but are implied, Concurrent – Powers possessed by the national and the state governments, Residual – Powers preserved for the states and for the people 11. What is the significance of Amendments IX and X of the Bill of Rights to the U. S. Constitution? – Residual Powers Principles of Economics: Hazlitt Hazlitt Text: Be prepared for one question related to each of the following chapters: Title is the answer 1. Chp. 4: â€Å"Public Works Mean Taxes† – Public works arnt the best idea in the world because it taxes the people more 2. Chap. 5: â€Å"Taxes Discourage Production† 3. Chap. 6: â€Å"Credit Divers Production. † 4. Chap. 11: â€Å"Who’s ‘Protected’ by Tarriffs? † – The governments own interests 5. Chap. 12: â€Å"The Drive for Exports† – To get income a different way than taxing people 6. Chap. 13: ‘â€Å"Parity† Prices’ 7. Chap. 15: â€Å"How the Price System Works† Your Exam will also contain five extra credit questions. With this, your extra credit option presented in Blackboard must be submitted along with your Final Exam.

Creating Tourism Uniqueness To Hua Hin Tourism Essay

Creating Tourism Uniqueness To Hua Hin Tourism Essay Assignment Details: how a specific destination can conduct market research to develop a new brand for itself. Consideration the subjects of market segmentation and product differentiation strategies. Based on your discussion, you can provide suggestions about what this destination business should do in order to develop a product. Please use proper referencing. Following questions should be answered: Give a short account of the history of the destination. State its mission, vision and major goals. Analyze challenges and developments in relation to its marketing. Situation Analysis Competitive analysis Customer analysis SWOT analysis Destinations marketing strategies. Recommendations for this destination to pursue in the future. History of Hua Hin Hua Hin is one of the most well-known tourist destinations for decades, and currently, the island has been transformed to a major tourism hub with the well-prepared infrastructure and services to accommodate millions of tourists around the world every year. Hua Hin now can provide highest standards of wellness care, blended with Thai hospitality. The ingredient of world-class wellness service with the charming warm hospitality makes Hua Hin the favorable health wellness destination of the world. There is more to Hua Hin than its white sandy beaches, fantastic bargain shopping, water and land sport activities and entertainment. Furthermore, Thailand is one of leading tourism destinations for decades. Many cities have been transformed to a major tourism hub with well-prepared infrastructure and service to accommodate tourists around the world every year. With the number of tourists has been increasing every year, tourism related infrastructures have been developed. One of the infrastructures we really put our effort to medical infrastructure, originally to ensure all of the tourists for any emergency health incidents during their holidays. Thailand is leading Asia as a medical tourism destination. Major reasons that enabled Thailand to dominate this growing market are the low cost of medical treatments, the quality of treatments provided by hospitals and private clinics, and the highly developed tourism industry. As the population in the potential tourists searching for better life continues to grow, the demand for health and wellness trips tend to increase. Health and wellness tourism represents the recent trend to converge two of the worlds largest industries, healthcare and tourism. Hua Hin has been acknowledged as the healthiest city in Thailand. The combination of health tourism hub is between beautiful and natural tourism destination, with the international standard of healthcare perspectives. It has no doubt on the beauty of Phuket Island, together with various supporting factors; pristine beaches, delicious Thai seafood, varieties of entertainment, fun shopping and tropical luxurious spa. Those combinations have made Phuket to the outstanding tourism destination in world map. Location Hua Hin is a coastal town in Prachuab Kirikhan Province, 200 kilometers south of Bangkok. It can easily be reached by car. Hua Hin has an airport which links the seaside resort by daily flights to Bangkok, Phuket and Samui. Regular buses leave Bangkoks Southern Bus Terminal for Hua Hin and Prachuap Khiri Khan many times daily. Trains leave Bangkok Central Railway Station for Hua Hin 12 times daily. Climate Hua Hin is located in the hot zone, but refreshed by a cooling sea breeze. The average temperature is 24C to 32C. It has one of the lowest rainfalls of any beach area in Thailand. Therefore, tourists can visit the town all year round. Due to the excellent weather and climate, there are a large number of the retire staying permanently there. One of facilities plays important roles to non-residents and local people is the medical and health services. Vision Hua Hin is a world source of health tourism. It will be broadly recognized as a magic place to healing and become the destination of choice for visitors whose primary intention is to enjoy health and wellness experiences. Its products and services will be delivered with a world class standard to fulfill customer needs. Mission Statement Hua hin welcomes all local and international visitors with top class of health and wellness facilities which are rare to find elsewhere. Unique identity of historical city together with natural resource and splendid long beach are attractive and draw health seekers from around the world and known as the best of destination for wellness. Objectives To create tourism uniqueness to Hua hin. Strengthen Hua hin reputation in term of wellness and health destination. Increase standard of hotel and resort in Hua hin to average of 4 stars in 5 years of implementation. Create commitment of city owner to local people and educate the sustainable benefit of following destination strategic marketing. Situation Analysis Market analysis Growth rates within the health and wellness tourism market are significance. Based on research, the global market size of health and wellness tourism is estimated at 5 million trips annually. As the population in the potential tourists searching for better life continues to grow, the demand for health and wellness trips will increase. However, even though in Thailand, wellness tourism is just in an early phase of growth, it is growing. The promise of low-cost, high quality healthcare is attracting more than tourists a year to key locations. Based on Bangkok Post 2004 Mid-Year Review, a health and wellness tourist spends an average of USD 362 a day, compared with the average travelers spending of USD 144 and 50 % cheaper than in Singapore, three times cheaper than in Hong Kong, and five to ten times cheaper than in Europe and the USA. Competitor Analysis Domestic Competitive Environment Phuket has been discovered only recently as one of the most well-known tourist destinations and has undergone rapid. Strength: with the investment of international healthcare facilities, Phuket now can provide highest standards of wellness and medical care, blended with Thai hospitality. The ingredient of world-class healthcare service with the charming and warm hospitality makes Phuket the favorable health and wellness destination of the world. There is more to Phuket than its white sandy beaches, fantastic bargain shopping, water and land sport activities and entertainment. Phukets hospitals provide patients with access of highly qualified medical personal. We emphasize that such international accreditation is the key successful factors and is a guarantee of our commitment for best medical services. The rapid changes of our planet today bring us to more challenging era. The world has been changed, both in positive and negative ways, and the most worried development to our mankind is the development of the sickness. In another word, may I say, sickness has no barriers, anyone living in anywhere in this world would have chance to experience any kind of sickness or diseases. And most of the time, sickness can be cured only for the permission time. With this believe, Phuket is the best place for medical treatment, as we possess the edge when it comes to the availability of services. And you will found that there is no queue or much waiting time for medical treatment in Phuket. International Competitive Environment Many countries now actively market themselves as health and wellness destinations. This further expansion of health and wellness tourism has positively impacted incoming tourist receipts by boosting average spend per visitor and reversed the general trend towards shorter, more frequent breaks. It has also provided an element of stability to the travel and tourism market, as activities are generally in-door thus avoiding the problems and fluctuations of seasonality. Source Market Region General Competitive Environment Competitive Strengths India Long history of wellness from folk know-how, such as Yoga, Ayurveda and Unani. Fast-paced life style increases demand for wellness tourism and alternative cures. Diversity of tourism destinations and experiences. Unique experience in heritage place and hotel. A very wide variety of hotels is present in the country that can fulfill the demand of the tourists. There are international players in the market such as Taj and Oberoi International Chains. Thus, the needs of the international tourist travelers are met while they are on a visit to India. India offers a readymade tourist destination with the resources it has. Thus the magnet to pull customers already exists and has potential grow. Quality and Range of Services. Affordable costs. Singapore Strengths as a tourist destination. Singapores land use planning, zoning controls and environmental regulations in destination management. Innovation, ICT and Singapores business sophistication factors. Implementation of the VICE model by Singapore to maintain sustainable tourism (Visitor, Industry, Community, Environmental). Achieving international-standard training and acquiring improved Knowledge skills in the hospitality tourism industry, to strengthen Singapores position as a top Human Capital Excellence destination. The significance of Singapores destination brand values. Partnering of tourism and hospitality industries to support Singapores tourism development. Partnering of tourism and hospitality industries to support Singapores tourism development. Source: http://www.gourkanjilal.com/tourism-s-w-o-t-analysis-india/index.htm, 31 Aug 2010 Conference on Tourism in India Challenges Ahead, 15-17 May 2008, IIMK http://discoversvg.com/index.php/en/home/latest-news/425-competitive-tourism-destination-lessons-learnt-from-singapore India India is one of the worlds oldest civilizations, which is mysterious to tourists. It is considered a land of contrast of ancient farming and agricultural techniques in one area to bustling, cosmopolitan cities in another. While much of the country is poorly developed, a medical tourist can rest assured that their hospital and, for a price, their hotel will be extremely modern and pristine. Venturing beyond these, however, a traveler is virtually guaranteed to suffer from diarrhea and intestinal parasites are common even for cautious eaters. Likewise, the odds of contracting a serious disease are low, however several additional vaccinations are strongly recommended that are not necessary in the other hubs. India is positioning itself as a primary global destination for the most-complex medical procedures, and is committed to delivering these services by obtaining US Joint Commission International Accreditation to help in increasing US market share. India deals with a higher proportion of major surgery tourists than minor surgery and check-up tourists than the other major hubs, which has given rise to specialist hospitals across India. It is the cheapest destination. Most estimates claim treatment costs in India start at around a tenth of the price of comparable treatment in America or Britain. These hospitals are far out of the reach of most Indians and cater specifically to foreign tourists for very specific needs for example some centers will focus strongly on heart surgery while others will deal with joint replacements. These specialist hospitals are very new with top rate medical teams, high volume and experience in their specialty and the best equipment available. High volume of heart surgeries does not translate into high volumes overall, however, and these hospitals rely heavily on agents, especially on the internet, to recruit prospective patients. These facilities also offer procedures that are rare or unavailable in the United States, such as hip polishing or resurfacing, which is a popular surgery for medical tourists. The most popular treatments sought in India by medical tourists are alternative medicine, bone-marrow transplant, cardiac bypass surgery, eye surgery and orthopedic surgery. India is known in particular for heart surgery, hip resurfacing and other areas of advanced medicine. The south Indian city of Chennai has been declared Indias Health Capital, as it nets in 45% of health tourists from abroad and 30-40% of domestic health tourists.[77] Other major cities where medical tourists are catered to include New Delhi and Mangalore. By 2015, Indias medical tourism sector is expected to experience an annual growth rate of 30%. Estimates of the value of medical tourism to India go as high as $2 billion a year by 2012. Advantages for medical tourists include reduced costs, the availability of latest medical technologies and a growing compliance on international quality standards, as well as the fact that foreigners are likely to face a language barrier in India. The Indian government is taking steps to address infrastructure issues that hinder the countrys growth in medical tourism. Ministry of Tourism India (MoT) is planning to extend its Market Development Assistance (MDA) scheme to cover Joint Commission International (JCI) and National Accreditation Board of Hospitals (NABH) certified hospitals. A policy announcement of this effect is likely soon. However, tourism in India can be impressive and at the same time quite uncomfortable. Its infrastructure is very poor. Although excellent hotels and western restaurants are available, they are extremely expensive. India has magnificent sights to see, however, from Hindu shrines to Islamic monuments and palaces and a vibrant modern culture. Conclusion: India is a good choice for major surgery, but it is necessary to make sure you are going to a hospital with a strong track record in your particular condition. Tourism options after treatment are not as comfortable as the other hubs but are among the most interesting. Singapore Singapore has a world-renowned and well-established healthcare and medical system. Based on the WTO (2007) Singapore was voted the Best Medical/Wellness Tourism Destination by TravelWeekly (Asia) Industry Awards 2007. There are a dozen hospitals and health centers with JCI accreditation.[91] In 1997 (published 2000), the World Health Organization ranked Singapores health care system sixth best in the world and the highest ranked system in Asia.[92] Patients from developed countries such as the United States and the UK are also beginning to choose Singapore as their medical travel destination for relatively affordable health care services in a clean cosmopolitan city. Pros The WHO ranked the quality of healthcare in Singapore as 6th in the world. Singapore is a highly urbanized, orderly and spotless country so medical tourists should not expect the same chaotic environment that are typical in other Asian destinations There are several JCI-certified hospitals and healthcare facilities in Singapore. English is one of Singapores official languages and is spoken by all doctors and medical staff Although the cost for medical procedures in Singapore is not as low compared to India or Thailand, the prices are still lower then Western Europe and the USA. Cons Medical procedures and treatments done in Singapore are more expensive compared to other Asian medical tourism destinations such as Thailand, India and Malaysia. The climate in Singapore is hot and humid, which may be uncomfortable to most westerners particularly during the post-procedure and recovery stages Prices of goods, transportation and accommodation in Singapore are relatively more expensive than other Asian countries For US and Canadian medical tourists, travel times to Singapore are very long 3.4 SWOT Analysis The following SWOT points have been identified based on secondary-qualitative research. Strengths Hua Hins current position as a desirable tourist Affordable cost Not far from Bangkok Low cost of wellness products and services with high quality Accessibility: by car, air shutter Reputation and Marketing Reputation Weaknesses Lack of consumer awareness Some doctors are employed part time Language and Culture Barrier Unskilled Workforce Opportunities Many factors have contributed to the increased public awareness of health and wellness. Higher rates of heart disease. Wellness tourism market is large and increasing. Tourism policies from government, tourism industry will be strategically supported from government. Provincial strategy group will create more obvious tourism development roadmap. The continued growth of the Thai economy, resulting in growth of domestic tourism and raise opportunities to local tourism development. Information technology and internet allow the distribution of travel information to be more convenient and faster. Global trend towards health conscious. Fund flow from local and foreign are key for development in tourist destination province like Hua Hin. Threats Travel understands how to package but healthcare facilities do not. Unstable political situation in Thailand. Global economic situation is difficult to expect, may impact spending of target market especially if problem occurred in target country. Speaking about medical factors, for the definition, which comes from the research in preparation stage, we have found that there are four factors to make destination ready for international medical services. Destination marketing strategies The experience of Hua Hin thus serves to illustrate factors that are critical to destination development, raising two pertinent questions: 1. What are the best models of tourism marketing that focus on total customer needs, wants and experiences, and which recognize the essential nature of fun, high quality and diversity of choices at the destination? 2. Is it necessary for a destination / country to have a marketing strategy for attracting tourism? If the destination aims to host tourists in a way that leads to economic growth while balancing the needs of the citizens, then a structured and coordinated approach, a marketing strategy is the optimal approach to achieving these goals. Recommendation The findings revealed several strengths of Hua Hin tourism in terms of destination marketing. These included: effective tourism organizations, continuing tourism product development, a unique variety of activities and culture, variety of accommodations and hospitality programs, thorough overseas market segmentation, targeting, and positioning activities. Stability of economic, politic and social in Thailand is major factor of developing through strategies. However, if current government can sustain itself in medium term and serious implement of tourism destination development, Hua Hin is one of the most potential to famous globally likes others destination in Thailand.

Sport Is The Greatest School Of Vanity :: essays papers

Sport Is The Greatest School Of Vanity It is two o’clock on Saturday the 22 February 2000. It is the day of the annual Hilton VS Michael House rugby game. In the stands, five hundred schoolboys eagerly await the arrival of the fifteen so-called â€Å"Gods† dressed in the black and white to come racing onto the field. As the â€Å"Titans† take the field all five Hundred of them jump up and praise them in one euphoric roar. The out come of the game is eight to five in Hiltons favor. They all run on and form a circle around the fifteen victorious â€Å"Gladiators† and as they sing O’ boys the spirit and not to mention the ego’s are raised to an all time high. It is three o’clock on Saturday the 12 November. It is the Natal Witness inter-schools chess championship and Hilton College has made it to the finals. The best players from either side are competing for one of the most prestigious chess titles in South Africa. In the stands, nobody, as usual. The pressure is getting to both of the boys, but in the end Hilton pulls through with a tight win. The boys get into the bus and go back to school. Monday morning comes and the whole school is â€Å"bowing† down to the almighty fifteen who by this stage are over flowing with arrogance and contemptuous pride. The praise that they receive is almost overwhelming. Monday morning comes and no one even says good morning to the members of the chess team. The praise that they receive for their good effort is non-existent. This is the case in many schools all over the world where students are praised for their performance on the sports fields and not in the classroom. The question one has to ask him or her is what are students actually sent to school for is it to succeed on the sports field or is it to achieve in the classroom. Many say that it should be a careful and equal balance between the two, yet very often it leans too much in favor of sport. This is when schools start getting the attitude that sport comes first and work comes second. Average students that are good at sport are given scholarships instead of the knowledge hungry hard workers who want to succeed in life not sport. Sport Is The Greatest School Of Vanity :: essays papers Sport Is The Greatest School Of Vanity It is two o’clock on Saturday the 22 February 2000. It is the day of the annual Hilton VS Michael House rugby game. In the stands, five hundred schoolboys eagerly await the arrival of the fifteen so-called â€Å"Gods† dressed in the black and white to come racing onto the field. As the â€Å"Titans† take the field all five Hundred of them jump up and praise them in one euphoric roar. The out come of the game is eight to five in Hiltons favor. They all run on and form a circle around the fifteen victorious â€Å"Gladiators† and as they sing O’ boys the spirit and not to mention the ego’s are raised to an all time high. It is three o’clock on Saturday the 12 November. It is the Natal Witness inter-schools chess championship and Hilton College has made it to the finals. The best players from either side are competing for one of the most prestigious chess titles in South Africa. In the stands, nobody, as usual. The pressure is getting to both of the boys, but in the end Hilton pulls through with a tight win. The boys get into the bus and go back to school. Monday morning comes and the whole school is â€Å"bowing† down to the almighty fifteen who by this stage are over flowing with arrogance and contemptuous pride. The praise that they receive is almost overwhelming. Monday morning comes and no one even says good morning to the members of the chess team. The praise that they receive for their good effort is non-existent. This is the case in many schools all over the world where students are praised for their performance on the sports fields and not in the classroom. The question one has to ask him or her is what are students actually sent to school for is it to succeed on the sports field or is it to achieve in the classroom. Many say that it should be a careful and equal balance between the two, yet very often it leans too much in favor of sport. This is when schools start getting the attitude that sport comes first and work comes second. Average students that are good at sport are given scholarships instead of the knowledge hungry hard workers who want to succeed in life not sport.

Earth Formation

Kevin Navarrete Benham, Timothy ENC1101 Mon-Wed 9:30-10:45am 4-1-13 Formation of Earth and life on earth. About 4. 57 Billion years ago our planet earth was formed. Earth contains many things that allows us to live. How was the Earth formed and why do we live in it is a question many of us would like to find out, but there are many answers to these questions and we cannot come up with a conclusion. The theory that is said to explain the formation of our earth is called the Big Bang Theory.This theory explains that all matter in the Universe was, at one time, concentrated in a giant mass (a black hole) that blew apart about 10 to 20 billion years ago and is still expanding. Now a days, it is thought that our solar system had its first steps when, about 5 billion years ago, by some unknown process, a cloud of dust and gases collapsed and condensed. Some of the matter in the central mass compressed under its own gravity, condensed, and heated until forces were so strong that thermonucle ar reactions began. These reactions were the origin of our star, the Sun.The size of a star is related to the amount of fuel it has available to burn for energy and how fast it burns up that fuel. A star smaller than our sun would not contain enough fuel to last long enough for evolution to have occurred here on earth. A larger star would have burned its fuel too fast, and would have burned itself out long ago. It would also not last long enough for life to evolve on Earth. The center of the disk became the sun, and the particles in the outer rings turned into large burning balls of gas and molten-liquid that cooled and condensed to take on solid form.Four or five billion years ago, they turned into the planets that we know today as Earth, Mars, Venus, and the outer planets. A cloud with dust gases and many more particles grew together and condensed to form the planets, comets, asteroids, and many other things about 4. 6 billion years ago. It is thought that Earth began as a very co ld world. It is also thought that the very first atmosphere could have been of hydrogen gas. Since this gas is so light weight and very chemically reactive, most of it would have floated off into space or reacted with other substances.The first atmosphere is thought to be due to volcanic eruption and other chemical reactions taking place. It is thought that the inner four solid planets may have began with similar atmospheres of H2O, CO2, CO, and N2. It is thought that these chemicals made up the atmosphere of our planet for the first 1 billion years. It then provided similar atmospheres for the other planets Over the past few centuries scientists have been trying to answer the question: what was the origin of life? There have been a number of scientists who have produces a number of plausible theories.The currently most excepted theory is Oparin's theory, which states that the â€Å"origin of life on Earth was in nonliving chemical substances which spontaneously formed in Earth's e arly atmosphere and combined to make more complex chemicals until living cells were formed. † This maybe a possibility because Stanley Miller a student at University of Chicago, began experimenting to prove Oparin's theory. He created a device that dispersed gas's that were likely to be present in the early atmosphere, and then he pased an electrical discharge, stimulating the UV rays present in the early atmosphere.After allowing the experiment to continue for a week, the results were amazing. However, there have been other theories that do not support this experiment. The Cosmozoa theory which states that life was brought to earth from somewhere else, and the theory states that life can suddenly and spontaneously appear. All in all there are many perspectives and theories of the origin of life and the formation of the Earth. Each of these theories sound very good, but there is no proof that it really happened this way. Word Count 1207

Educational Websites Essay

Sturgeon Point Productions is offering website tie-ins with every educational video title in our catalogue, at no additional cost. What that means for you is more of our award-winning content for your students and a wider reach for in-depth coverage of your preferred subjects for teachers to use in their lesson plans. Our company has taken top-notch web production team to work with our producers and staff to create interactive multi-media-tie-ins for all our future educational titles. As educators who will be using these sites ,our company would like to hear from you about the kinds of features you would like to see as we move forward in development ,as well as get a general consensus on which subjects in our current library would be helpful to you to have as an interactive web component . The following features are available; †¢Historic interactive timelines †¢In-depth photos taken on the set during the film †¢Interactive educational games †¢Fast facts and flashcards †¢Quizzes and essay exams When submitting request for website development for your current films and videos from our company, please list: 1. The title in which you are interested 2.The name of the class and subject 3.Online tools you would like to see created The video bellow provides an overview of our online content. For additional information, feel free to contact us at webmaster@sturgeonpointproductions.com or call us at (305)-555-0121 during the following days and times: Monday -Thursday day 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. Friday 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. Saturday 10 a.m. to noon

Battle of Memphis in the Civil War

Battle of Memphis in the Civil War Battle of Memphis - Conflict: The Battle of Memphis occurred during the American Civil War. Battle of Memphis - Date: The Confederate fleet was destroyed on June 6, 1862. Fleets Commanders: Union Flag Officer Charles H. DavisColonel Charles Ellet5 ironclad gunboats, 6 rams Confederate James E. MontgomeryBrigadier General Jeff M. Thompson8 rams Battle of Memphis - Background: In early June 1862, Flag Officer Charles H. Davis moved down the Mississippi River with a squadron of consisting of the ironclad gunboats USS Benton, USS St. Louis, USS Cairo, USS Louisville, and USS Carondelet. Accompanying him were six rams commanded by Colonel Charles Ellet. Operating in support of the Union advance, Davis sought to eliminate the Confederate naval presence near Memphis, TN, opening the city to capture. In Memphis, Confederate troops manning the citys defenses prepared to withdraw south as Union forces had cut the rail links to the north and east. Battle of Memphis - Confederate Plans: As the soldiers departed, the commander of the Confederate River Defense Fleet, James E. Montgomery, began making plans to take his eight cottonclad rams south to Vicksburg. These plans quickly collapsed when he was notified that there was not enough coal in the city to fuel his ships for the voyage. Montgomery was also plagued by a disjointed command system within his fleet. While he technically commanded the fleet, each ship retained its pre-war captain who was empowered to act independently once they left port. This was compounded by the fact that the vessels gun crews were provided by the army and served under their own officers. On June 6, when the Federal fleet appeared above the city, Montgomery called a meeting of his captains to discuss their options. The group decided to stand and fight rather than scuttling their ships and fleeing. Approaching Memphis, Davis ordered his gunboats to form a line of battle across the river, with Ellets rams in the rear. Battle of Memphis - The Union Attacks: Opening fire on Montgomerys lightly armed rams, the Union gunboats fired for around fifteen minutes before Ellet and his brother Lt. Colonel Alfred Ellet moved through the line with the rams Queen of the West and Monarch. As Queen of the West struck CSS General Lovell, Ellet was wounded in the leg. With the battle engaged at close quarters, Davis closed and the fighting deteriorated into a wild melee. As the ships battled, the heavy Union ironclads made their presence felt and succeeded in sinking all but one of Montgomerys ships. Battle of Memphis - Aftermath: With the River Defense Fleet eliminated, Davis approached the city and demanded its surrender. This was agreed to and Col. Ellets son Charles was sent ashore to officially take possession of the city. The fall of Memphis opened the Mississippi River to Union shipping and warships as far south a Vicksburg, MS. For the remainder of the war, Memphis would serve as a principal Union supply base. In the fighting on June 6, Union casualties were limited to Col. Charles Ellet. The colonel later died of measles which he contracted while recovering from his wound. Precise Confederate casualties are not known but most likely numbered between 180-200. The destruction of the River Defense Fleet effectively eliminated any significant Confederate naval presence on the Mississippi.

Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists essays

Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists essays Before long, the Articles of Confederation proved to be insufficient in establishing law and order in early America. A Constitution was drafted, giving more power to the national government and setting up an intricate system to balance this power. Federalists, supporters of this constitution, debated with their opponent Anti-Federalists regarding whether or not to ratify the newly proposed system. Federalists advocated allowing the national government to pass laws and later judge their constitutionality. In order to accomplish this without the government getting too powerful, the proposed regime was broken into three branches, each keeping the other two in check. Under this system, the government would be able to create laws which apply to all the states. Individual states would still have the power to pass their own laws. Anti-Federalists responded to this with criticism. Richard Henry Lee stated that the checks and balance system would be too restricting on the different branches, resulting in progress being extremely difficult to impossible. Further, he conjectured that the people of all the states must be willing to come together and follow the same laws, which in his opinion is unlikely. Luther Martin argued that the constitution should be developed by the states, providing the example of the peaceful state-led compilation of the Articles of Confederation. Protecting the minority was a Federalist priority. In the proposed system, representative legislature would prevent smaller factions interests from being completely ignored. To Anti-Federalists the system seemed fundamentally flawed in that the legislature could be influenced by a few powerful men, changing power from the hands of the many to those of the few and thus ignoring most peoples interests. Lee stated that Federalists wanted to adopt the constitution only as a stepping stone to give themselves more power and influence. Further,...

Benjamin Netanyahu - Joint Session of Congress Speech 2015

Binjamin Netanyahu Third Speech to a Joint Session of Congress delivered 3 March 2015, Washington, D.C. Speaker of the House, John Boehner, President Pro Tem, Senator Orrin Hatch, Senator Minority Majority Leader, Mitch McConnell, House Minority, Leader Nancy Pelosi, and House Majority Leader, Kevin McCarthy I also want to acknowledge Senator, Democratic Leader, Harry Reid Harry, it’s good to see you back on your feet. I guess it’s true what they say: You can’t keep a good man down. My friends, I’m deeply humbled by the opportunity to speak for a third time before the most important legislative body in the world, the U.S. Congress. I want to thank you all for being here today. I know that my speech has been the subject of much controversy. I deeply regret that some perceive my being here as political. That was never my intention. I want to thank you, Democrats and Republicans, for your common support for Israel, year after year, decade after decade. I know that no matter on which side of the aisle you sit, you stand with Israel. The remarkable alliance between Israel and the United States has always been above politics. It must always remain above politics. Because America and Israel, we share a common destiny, the destiny of promised lands that cherish freedom and offer hope. Israel is grateful for the support of American of America’s people and of America’s presidents, from Harry Truman to Barack Obama. We appreciate all that President Obama has done for Israel. Now, some of that is widely known. Some of that is widely known, like strengthening security cooperation and intelligence sharing, opposing anti-Israel resolutions at the U.N. Some of what the President has done for Israel is less well known. I called him in 2010 when we had the [Mount] Carmel forest fire, and he immediately agreed to respond to my request for urgent aid. In 2011, we had our embassy in Cairo under siege, and again, he provided vital assistance at the crucial moment; or his support for more missile interceptors during our operation last summer when we took on Hamas terrorists. In each of those moments, I called the President, and he was there. And some of what the President has done for Israel might never be known, because it touches on some of the most sensitive and strategic issues that arise between an American president and an Israeli prime minister. But I know it, and I will always be grateful to President Obama for that support. And Israel is grateful to you, the American Congress, for your support, for supporting us in so many ways, especially in generous military assistance and missile defense, including Iron Dome. Last summer, millions of Israelis were protected from thousands of Hamas rockets because this capital dome helped build our Iron Dome. Thank you, America. Thank you for everything you’ve done for Israel. My friends, I’ve come here today because, as Prime Minister of Israel, I feel a profound obligation to speak to you about an issue that could well threaten the survival of my country and the future of my people: Iran’s quest for nuclear weapons. We’re an ancient people. In our nearly 4000 years of history, many have tried repeatedly to destroy the Jewish people. Tomorrow night, on the Jewish holiday of Purim, we’ll read the Book of Esther. We’ll read of a powerful Persian viceroy named Haman, who plotted to destroy the Jewish people some 2500 years ago. But a courageous Jewish woman, Queen Esther, exposed the plot and gave for the Jewish people the right to defend themselves against their enemies. The plot was foiled. Our people were saved. Today the Jewish people face another attempt by yet another Persian potentate to destroy us. Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei spews the oldest hatred the oldest hatred of anti-Semitism with the newest technology. He tweets that Israel must be annihilated. He tweets. You know, in Iran, there isn’t exactly free Internet. But he tweets in English that Israel must be destroyed. For those who believe that Iran threatens the Jewish state, but not the Jewish people, listen to Hassan Nasrallah, the leader of Hezbollah, Iran’s chief terrorist proxy. He said: If all the Jews gather in Israel, it will save us the trouble of chasing them down around the world. But Iran’s regime is not merely a Jewish problem, any more than the Nazi regime was merely a Jewish problem. The six million Jews murdered by the Nazis were but a fraction of the 60 million people killed in World War II. So, too, Iran’s regime poses a grave threat, not only to Israel, but also to the peace of the entire world. To understand just how dangerous Iran would be with nuclear weapons, we must fully understand the nature of the regime. The people of Iran are very talented people. They’re heirs to one of the world’s great civilizations. But in 1979, they were hijacked by religious zealots religious zealots who imposed on them immediately a dark and brutal dictatorship. That year, the zealots drafted a constitution, a new one for Iran. It directed the revolutionary guards not only to protect Iran’s borders, but also to fulfill the ideological mission of jihad. The regime’s founder, Ayatollah Khomeini, exhorted his followers to export our revolution throughout the entire world.1 I’m standing here in Washington, D.C. and thedifference is so stark. America’s founding document promises life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Iran’s founding document pledges death, tyranny, and the pursuit of jihad. And as states are collapsing across the Middle East, Iran is charging into the void to do just that. Iran’s goons in Gaza, its lackeys in Lebanon, its revolutionary guards on the Golan Heights are clutching Israel with three tentacles of terror. Backed by Iran, Assad is slaughtering Syrians. Backed by Iran, Shiite militias are rampaging through Iraq. Backed by Iran, Houthis are seizing control of Yemen, threatening the strategic straits at the mouth of the Red Sea. Along with the Straits of Hormuz, that would give Iran a second choke choke-point on the world’s oil supply. Just last week, near Hormuz, Iran carried out a military exercise blowing up a mock U.S. aircraft carrier. That’s just last week while they’re having nuclear talks with the United States. But unfortunately, for the last 36 years, Iran’s attacks against the United States have have been anything but mock, and the targets have been all too real. Iran took dozens of Americans hostage in Tehran, murdered hundreds of American soldiers, Marines, in Beirut, and was responsible for killing and maiming thousands of American service men and women in Iraq and Afghanistan. Beyond the Middle East, Iran attacks America and its allies through its global terror network. It blew up the Jewish community center and the Israeli embassy in Buenos Aires. It helped Al Qaida bomb U.S. embassies in Africa. It even attempted to assassinate the the Saudi ambassador, right here in Washington, D.C. In the Middle East, Iran now dominates four Arab capitals: Baghdad, Damascus, Beirut and Sanaa. And if Iran’s aggression is left unchecked, more will surely follow. So at a time when many hope that Iran will join the community of nations, Iran is busy gobbling up the nations. We must all stand together to stop Iran’s march of conquest, subjugation, and terror. Now, two years ago we were told to give President Rouhani and Foreign Minister Zarif a chance to bring change and moderation to Iran. Some change. Some moderation. Rouhani’s government hangs gays, persecutes Christians, jails journalists, and executes even more prisoners than before. Last year, the same Zarif who charms Western diplomats laid a wreath at the grave of Imad Mughniyeh. Imad Mughniyeh is the terrorist mastermind who spilled more American blood than any other terrorist besides Osama bin Laden. I’d like to see someone ask him a question about that. Iran’s regime is as radical as ever, its cries of â€Å"Death to America,† that same America that it calls the â€Å"Great Satan,† as loud as ever. Now, this shouldn’t be surprising, because the ideology of Iran’s revolutionary regime is deeply rooted in militant Islam, and that’s why this regime will always be an enemy of America. And don’t be fooled: The battle between Iran and ISIS doesn’t turn Iran into a friend of America. Iran and ISIS are competing for the crown of militant Islam. One calls itself the Islamic Republic. The other calls itself the Islamic State. Both want to impose a militant Islamic empire first on the region and then on the entire world. They just disagree among themselves who will be the ruler of that empire. In this deadly game of thrones, there’s no place for America or for Israel, no peace for Christians, Jews or Muslims who don’t share the Islamist medieval creed, no rights for women, no freedom for anyone. So when it comes to Iran and ISIS: The enemy of your enemy is your enemy. The difference is that ISIS is armed with butcher knives, captured weapons, and YouTube, whereas Iran could soon be armed with intercontinental ballistic missiles and nuclear bombs. We must always remember I’ll say it one more time the greatest danger facing our world is the marriage of militant Islam with nuclear weapons. To defeat ISIS and let Iran get nuclear weapons would be to win the battle, but lose the war. We can’t let that happen. But that, my friends, is exactly what could happen, if the deal now being negotiated is accepted by Iran. That deal will not prevent Iran from developing nuclear weapons. It would all but guarantee that Iran gets those weapons, lots of them. Let me explain why: While the final deal has not yet been signed, certain elements of any potential deal are now a matter of public record. You don’t need intelligence agencies and secret information to know this. You can Google it. Absent a dramatic change, we know for sure that any deal with with Iran will include two major concessions to Iran. The first major concession would leave Iran with a vast nuclear infrastructure, providing it with a short break-out time to the bomb. Break-out time is the time it takes to amass enough weapons-grade uranium or plutonium for a nuclear bomb. According to the deal, not a single nuclear facility would be demolished. Thousands of centrifuges used to enrich uranium would be left spinning. Thousands more would be temporarily disconnected, but not destroyed. Because Iran’s nuclear program would be left largely intact, Iran’s break-out time would be very short about a year by U.S. assessment, even shorter by Israel’s. And if if Iran’s work on advanced centrifuges, faster and faster centrifuges, is not stopped, that break-out time could still be shorter, a lot shorter. True, certain restrictions would be imposed on Iran’s nuclear program and Iran’s adherence to those restrictions would be supervised by international inspectors. But here’s the problem. You see, inspectors document violations; they don’t stop them. Inspectors knew when North Korea broke to the bomb, but that didn’t stop anything. North Korea turned off the cameras, kicked out the inspectors. Within a few years, it got the bomb. Now, we’re warned that within five years North Korea could have an arsenal of 100 nuclear bombs. Like North Korea, Iran, too, has defied international inspectors. It’s done that on at least three separate occasions 2005, 2006, 2010. Like North Korea, Iran broke the locks, shut off the cameras. Now, I know this is not going to come a shock as a shock to any of you, but Iran not only defies inspectors, it also plays a pretty good game of hide-and-cheat with them. The U.N.’s nuclear watchdog agency, the IAEA, said again yesterday that Iran still refuses to come clean about its military nuclear program.2 Iran was also caught caught twice, not once, twice operating secret nuclear facilities in Natanz and Qom, facilities that inspectors didn’t even know existed. Right now, Iran could be hiding nuclear facilities that we don’t know about, the U.S. and Israel. As the former head of inspections for the IAEA said in 2013, he said, â€Å"If there’s no undeclared installation today in Iran, it will be the first time in 20 years that [Iran] doesn’t have one.†3 Iran has proven time and again that it cannot be trusted. And that’s why the first major concession is a source of grave concern. It leaves Iran with a vast nuclear infrastructure and relies on inspectors to prevent a breakout. That concession creates a real danger that Iran could get to the bomb by violating the deal. But the second major concession creates an even greater danger that Iran could get to the bomb by keeping the deal, because virtually all the restrictions on Iran’s nuclear program will automatically expire in about a decade. Now, a decade may seem like a long time in political life, but it’s the blink of an eye in the life of a nation. It’s a blink of an eye in the life of our children. We all have a responsibility to consider what will happen when Iran’s nuclear capabilities are virtually unrestricted and all the sanctions will have been lifted. Iran would then be free to to build a huge nuclear capacity that could produce many, many nuclear bombs. Iran’s Supreme Leader says that openly. He says, Iran plans to have 190,000 centrifuges, not 6,000 or even the 19,000 that Iran has today, but 10 times that amount 190,000 centrifuges enriching uranium.4 With this massive capacity, Iran could make the fuel for an entire nuclear arsenal and this in a matter of weeks, once it makes that decision. My long-time friend, John Kerry, Secretary of State, confirmed last week that Iran could legitimately possess that massive centrifuge capacity when the deal expires. Now I want you to think about that: The former sponsor The foremost sponsor of global terrorism could be weeks away from having enough enriched uranium for an entire arsenal of nuclear weapons and this with full international legitimacy. And by the way, if Iran’s Intercontinental Ballistic Missile program is not part of the deal and so far, Iran refuses to even put it on the negotiating table well, Iran could have the means to deliver that nuclear arsenal to the far-reach corners of the Earth, including to every part of the United States. So you see, my friends, this deal has two major concessions: one, leaving Iran with a vast nuclear program; and two, lifting the restrictions on that program in about a decade. That’s why this deal is so bad. It doesn’t block Iran’s path to the bomb; it paves Iran’s path to the bomb. So why would anyone make this deal? Because they hope that Iran will change for the better in the coming years, or they believe that the alternative to this deal is worse? Well, I disagree. I don’t believe that Iran’s radical regime will change for the better after this deal. This regime has been in power for 36 years, and its voracious appetite for aggression grows with each passing year. This deal would wet appetite would only wet Iran’s appetite for more. Would Iran be less aggressive when sanctions are removed and its economy is stronger? If Iran is gobbling up four countries right now while it’s under sanctions, how many more countries will Iran devour when sanctions are lifted? Would Iran fund less terrorism when it has mountains of cash with which to fund more terrorism? Why should Iran’s radical regime change for the better when it can enjoy the best of both world’s: aggression abroad, prosperity at home. This is a question that everyone asks in our region. Israel’s neighbors Iran’s neighbors know that Iran will become even more aggressive and sponsor even more terrorism when its economy is unshackled and it’s been given a clear path to the bomb. And many of these neighbors say they’ll respond by racing to get nuclear weapons of their own. So this deal won’t change Iran for the better; it will only change the Middle East for the worse. A deal that’s supposed to prevent nuclear proliferation would instead spark a nuclear arms race in the most dangerous part of the planet. This deal won’t be a farewell to arms. It would be a farewell to arms control. And the Middle East would soon be crisscrossed by nuclear tripwires. A region where small skirmishes can trigger big wars would turn into a nuclear tinderbox. If anyone thinks anyone thinks this deal kicks the can down the road, think again. When we get down that road, we’ll face a much more dangerous Iran, a Middle East littered with nuclear bombs and a countdown to a potential nuclear nightmare. Ladies and gentlemen, I’ve come here today to tell you we don’t have to bet the security of the world on the hope that Iran will change for the better. We don’t have to gamble with our future and with our children’s future. We can insist that restrictions on Iran’s nuclear program not be lifted for as long as Iran continues its aggression in the region and in the world. Before lifting those restrictions, the world should demand that Iran do three things: First, stop its aggression against its neighbors in the Middle East. Second Second, stop supporting terrorism around the world. And third, stop threatening to annihilate my country, Israel, the one and only Jewish state. Thank you. If the world powers are not prepared to insist that Iran change its behavior before a deal is signed, at the very least they should insist that Iran change its behavior before a deal expires. If Iran changes its behavior, the restrictions would be lifted. If Iran doesn’t change its behavior, the restrictions should not be lifted. If Iran wants to be treated like a normal country, let it act like a normal country. My friends, what about the argument that there’s no alternative to this deal, that Iran’s nuclear know-how cannot be erased, that its nuclear program is so advanced that the best we can do is delay the inevitable, which is essentially what the proposed deal seeks to do? Well, nuclear know-how without nuclear infrastructure doesn’t get you very much. A racecar driver without a car can’t drive. A pilot without a plan can’t fly. Without thousands of centrifuges, tons of enriched uranium or heavy water facilities, Iran can’t make nuclear weapons. Iran’s nuclear program can be rolled back well-beyond the current proposal by insisting on a better deal and keeping up the pressure on a very vulnerable regime, especially given the recent collapse in the price of oil. Now, if Iran threatens to walk away from the table and this often happens in a Persian bazaar call their bluff. They’ll be back, because they need the deal a lot more than you do. And by maintaining the pressure on Iran and on those who do business with Iran, you have the power to make them need it even more. My friends, for over a year, we’ve been told that no deal is better than a bad deal. Well, this is a bad deal. It’s a very bad deal. We’re better off without it. Now we’re being told that the only alternative to this bad deal is war. That’s just not true. The alternative to this bad deal is a much better deal a better deal that doesn’t leave Iran with a vast nuclear infrastructure and such a short break-out time; a better deal that keeps the restrictions on Iran’s nuclear program in place until Iran’s aggression ends; a better deal that won’t give Iran an easy path to the bomb; a better deal that Israel and its neighbors may not like, but with which we could live, literally. And no country no country has a greater stake no country has a greater stake than Israel in a good deal that peacefully removes this threat. Ladies and gentlemen, history has placed us at a fateful crossroads. We must now choose between two paths. One path leads to a bad deal that will at best curtail Iran’s nuclear ambitions for a while, but it will inexorably lead to a nuclear-armed Iran whose unbridled aggression will inevitably lead to war. The second path, however difficult, could lead to a much better deal, that would prevent a nuclear-armed Iran, a nuclearized Middle East, and the horrific consequences of both to all of humanity. You don’t have to read Robert Frost to know. You have to live life to know that the difficult path is usually the one less traveled, but it will make all the difference for the future of my country, the security of the Middle East and the peace of the world, the peace, we all desire. My friends, standing up to Iran is not easy. Standing up to dark and murderous regimes never is. With us today is Holocaust survivor and Nobel Prize winner Elie Wiesel. Elie, your life and work inspires to give meaning to the words, â€Å"never again.† And I wish I could promise you, Elie, that the lessons of history have been learned. I can only urge the leaders of the world not to repeat the mistakes of the past: not to sacrifice the future for the present; not to ignore aggression in the hopes of gaining an illusory peace. But I can guarantee you this: The days when the Jewish people remained passive in the face of genocidal enemies, those days are over. We are no longer scattered among the nations, powerless to defend ourselves. Weve restored our sovereignty in our ancient home. And the soldier who soldiers who defend our home have boundless courage. For the first time in 100 generations, we, the Jewish people, can defend ourselves. This is why This is why, as Prime Minister of Israel, I can promise you one more thing: Even if Israel has to stand alone, Israel will stand. But I know that Israel does not stand alone. I know that America stands with Israel. I know that you stand with Israel. You stand with Israel because you know that the story of Israel is not only the story of the Jewish people but of the human spirit that refuses again and again to succumb to history’s horrors. Facing me right up there in the gallery, overlooking all of us in this august chamber is the image of Moses. Moses led our people from slavery to the gates of the Promised Land. And before the people of Israel entered the land of Israel, Moses gave us a message that has steeled our resolve for thousands of years. I leave you with his message today: Chizku ve’imtzu, al tiru ve’al te’artzu m’pneihem. â€Å"Be strong and resolute, neither fear nor dread them.†5 My friends, may Israel and America always stand together, strong and resolute. May we neither fear nor dread the challenges ahead. May we face the future with confidence, strength, and hope. May God bless the State of Israel and may God bless the United States of America. 1 Ruhollah Khomeini cited in Hoffman, B. (1988). The contrasting ethical foundations of terrorism in the 1980s. The Rand Corporation. 2 Statement by IAEA Director General Yukiya Amano on 2 March 2015 confirmed: The Agency continues to verify the non-diversion of nuclear material declared by Iran under its Safeguards Agreement. However, the Agency is not in a position to provide credible assurance about the absence of undeclared nuclear material and activities in Iran, and therefore to conclude that all nuclear material in Iran is in peaceful activities. (Source: iaea.org) 3 Former IAEA Deputy Director for Safeguards Olli Heinonen, as quoted in the Wall Street Journal, 1 March 2013 4 Statement by Ruhollah Khomeini on 7 July 2014: Our officials say we need 190,000 SWU. Perhaps this is not a need this year or in two years or five years, but this is the countrys absolute need. (Source: uk.reuters.com) 5 Quoted from the first part of Deuteronomy 31:6. The entire passage, a parting exhortation from Moses to the Israelites just prior to their entry into the Promised Land, reads as follows: â€Å"Be strong and resolute, neither fear nor dread them, because G-d your Lord is the One who is going with you, and He will not fail you or forsake you.

The crucial bearing of pursuing a Master of International Business Essay

The crucial bearing of pursuing a Master of International Business - Essay Example The researcher presents his long-term goal as to become a successful entrepreneur, like Richard Branson and Allen Sugar, both renowned British entrepreneurs. However, the researcher envision to venture as an entrepreneur not only London; but as an instrumental entrepreneurial contributor on a global realm. The Hult International Business School’s MIB degree is renowned worldwide to accord strategically innovative instructional methods that provide qualified students with the conducive learning environment for the program. Through their LEAP method focusing on hand-on and innovative approach, the researcher is confident that both short-term and long-term professional goals would be effectively achieved. The researcher’s educational background and current professional experiences would significantly contribute to the abovementioned plans as these undertakings have appropriately established the theoretical and practical framework for an MIB degree. By immersing in a founda tion program from an International Foundation Programme in Business Studies from the London Metropolitan University, the theoretical framework for higher education in the business sphere is befittingly honed. The researcher did not have the chance then to pursue higher education courses in the field of business management since working as a legal assistant for the UK Immigration Law Advisory Service in 2007 had made me determined and committed to pursue a degree in law. The course modules were all subservient as they delved into intricate concepts that are relevantly applicable in contemporary organizational settings. My current occupation in a supervisory and managerial capacity made me realize that more theoretical concepts are required to increase one’s competencies, qualifications and skills in performing the responsibilities expected of managers in a dynamic business environment. Through past employments, I had the opportunities to assume diverse functions and responsibi lities ranging from that of an administrative assistant for Yoga Magazine, a customer service representative for Max Telecom, and working as a bank teller in Askari Bank, Ltd. in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. These job responsibilities enabled me to gain personal and professional discipline in adherence to the highest quality of service to be accorded to customers and clientele of diverse cultural orientations. I gained proficiencies in different languages such as English, Hindi, Punjabi, Urdu and Arabic. I still plan to expand learning to communicate in other languages as I pursue the MIB degree. Further, my media exposure working as a host of a popular weekly talk show on a popular TV channel; as well as hosting a weekly Internet TV show focusing on discussing immigration and human rights law issues within the British-Asian community accords the development of communication skills and the credibility needed as a public figure. As such, much preparation and mental focus is eminently recogn ized, as part of one’s responsibility as a host, to gain the confidence and support of the discriminating viewers. At hindsight, I am aware that despite the knowledge and skills that were already developed, there is still a pressing need to focus on improving leadership skills, particularly the essential skills that are intertwined with assuming the position and responsibility of a manager and an entrepreneur: the skills of introspection, conflict-resolution, entrepreneurial, information-processing, decision-making, resource generation and allocation

The color purple shades of gender discrimination Research Paper

The color purple shades of gender discrimination - Research Paper Example Even people that have not met before recall good old times like old friends do, and this just shows that nobody, and nothing can ever be too far away. This is something we can all be thankful for, in this modern age of technology. The truth be told, this phenomenon of globalizing just about anything was anything but ordinary, as Alice Walker tells through her story The Color Purple. Written in such a way that highlights the most-likely unheard-of situations in Georgia during the 1940’s, this kind of setting was very much near to what Walker had experienced when she was growing up in Jim Crow South (White). Being the daughter of a sharecropper, and living in a place that has a strong discrimination against African-Americans, she got engaged with the need to be free, just like any other person, regardless of the color of their skin. Through these eyes, Walker was able to show many readers the feelings and situations of African-American women that, aside from the color of their s kin, were also looked down upon by their own people too, because they were females. She herself was a witness to such injustice, because she grew up seeing her father doing it to her mother and her female siblings (Bates). Although many women were already starting to awaken and realize their potentials, their contributions as well as the power of their own thoughts, they were still considered as deviant, in being different from what is considered normal (â€Å"Deviant†). This form of deviance from the picture of being an obedient, quiet and dutiful wife fueled many African-American women’s need to be recognized more or less an equal of men, and thus need a redemption from the common norms, as portrayed in some of Walker’s stories (Bloom). The Color Purple delves into the thoughts and feelings of two sisters, Celie and Nettie, whose bond was so strong that even if their only connection for a very long time was through their letters to one another. Even if they ha ve gone through so much hardship, it was like they never were separated. The whole story was written in such a way that it was narrated through letters exchanged between the two sisters, during the time when Nettie, the younger sister decided to work as a missionary-teacher in a remote part of Africa for a long time, and when her sister Celie was starting to recognize what she actually wants in life. Even though it took a very long time for the two sisters to reconcile, in the end everything came in full circle upon their much awaited meeting. Aside from the struggles of being women in a male-dominated world, the story also shows the different kinds of relationships among kin, friends, and lovers that eventually shape a human being’s personality as a whole. The story began as Celie’s letter to God, because she mustn’t tell anybody about what happened to her, lest she gets killed (Walker 1). She wrote to God how her mother was getting sicker and sicker, how she g ot raped twice by their Pa Fonso, the man whom they thought was their real father, how she bore him a daughter then a son, and both were taken away from her when they were still a few months old. Since what happened, she never had a good relationship with her Pa, or any other man. She just stayed quiet and submissive, even after her Pa had her married to a certain Mr.____, which she chose not to give a name (Walker 6). Although Mr.____ would have wanted to marry Nettie, Fonso decided that since Celie was already spoilt (she already had two children), she would be

Key Dimensions of National Culture in Saudi Arabia using Hofstede Research Paper

Key Dimensions of National Culture in Saudi Arabia using Hofstede Model - Research Paper Example Uncertainty Avoidance The day to day business of Saudi Arabia is also greatly influenced by Islamic principles; which we will analyze in the light of Hofstede model. Geert Hofstede used 5 dimensions to analyze the culture of various countries; these dimensions being power distance individualism, masculinity/femininity, uncertainty avoidance and long term orientation. Hofstede analysis for Saudi Arabia validates that their Muslim faith plays a significant role in people’s lives. (Hofstede, 1980) Their business culture puts a great emphasise on personal relationships between business associates. The Saudis prefer to do business with their family members, friends or those they are quiet familiar with. This shows that they like to be in their comfort zones, and do not trust people easily while doing business. Saudis like to have rigid codes of belief and behaviors and are intolerant of unorthodox behavior and ideas. For example, they do not approve of any unislamic habits or behav iors like drinking alcohol, eating pork, womenizing, gambling etc. This also gives an insight on the uncertainty avoidance of Saudis, which is 80 and it indicates that they prefer to avoid uncertainty in life. While doing business with familiar people, they can avoid the risk of working with someone entirely new. They have strict islamic punishments for theft, rape, murder and other crimes to put an iron hand on criminals. They have conservative dress codes in business and do not approve of modern attires. They are very risk averse in nature and avoid changes. By having rigid codes of conducts, laws, regulations, and rules they ensure that there is least amount of uncertainty and the unexpected do not happen. Power distance Saudi Arabia works in a high power distance community. Power is distributed ineuqally and there are vertical organizational structure. (Doing business in Saudi Arabia, online) Saudia is one of the few countries in the world, where the greatest power lies in the r oyal palace. Their king has the most authority in the country. Their score of 95 (Hofstede, 1980) on power distance indicates that the people accept their strict hierarichal model and do not object the unequal distribution of power. The power is usually central and most decisions are made at the top level, which are then filtered down with clear and exact directions to subordinates. The subordinates are much less empowered as compared to other cultures, and they do not have authority to make decisions. This shows their tendency to stick to tradional values and unacceptibility for modern menthods of business and governance. Collectivistic Society Saudis muslim faith compels them to stick to their families. A great emphasize on the family values is given in islam. Saudis value their families and friends, and deem them to be the most important aspects of their lives. Their decisions are largely influenced by the social setting they live in, and the responsibilities they have as family members. With a score of 25, they are very collectivistic society. They are driven by long term commitments in the form of groups. These groups consists of family, extended family and friends. Because of their muslim faith, loyalty and strong relationships with their family and friends is very important. As Islam considers all muslims as brothers and sisters, Saudis are very committed towards their fellow muslims. Maculinity Goverened by their faith, women are given great respect

External Resource Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

External Resource Management - Case Study Example No doubt, Ron has done the work delegated to him by the section head in the proper working order. But we are not informed that Simon is aware of Fred Gibson's requisition. Hence, a conflict can arise here, as Simon would think that Ron has taken the initiative to hire the vending machine, because he saw only the usual contract letter, sent to him by Ron for authorising the hire. Purchasing department has its own rules and regulations of weighing the commodity and grouping the supplies. "To bring the user and supplier in direct contact, purchasing must establish the business framework. The buyer researches each commodity and groups the items by family or by possible sources of supply," Harding 1990, p.119). Ron's mistake, although could be unknown to him, is that he did not inform Simon that the vending machine was according to instructions of Fred Gibson, who found the deal cheap and reasonable at only 32 per week as hiring charges. Fred has recommended that Snackshop Vending Machine should be hired from one of the known suppliers, A B Drinks System. Fred, in his requisition slip has also mentioned that he has already spoken to the said suppliers and Mr. Pearce, the Sales Executive of the potential suppliers has agreed to pay 625 for the old snacks vending machine that is being currently used on site and Fred has clearly recommended that the weekly rent and purchase of old machine, both are on the side of their company, and should be attended to immediately. To Simon, this has come in the most unconventional way and not as the usual purchasing function as part of supply chain. "The purchasing function should ensure an optimal supply system, which must be geared towards the needs of production and materials planning. In other words, the purchasing function is a very important link in the production and supply chain of organisation," Weele (2002, p.25). In many traditional organisations, managers do not realise that Procurement management need not be always 'by the book'. It can change in many ways and the main logic behind its constant change is the ultimate service and ethical profit for the company and within this framework, there could be many different approaches. "The overall conclusion must be, however, that there is no simple blueprint which can be applied to successful procurement management. One cannot argue that collaboration is superior to competition, or that partnership sourcing and just-in-time offer a simple route to success," Lamming and Cox (1995, p.20). But many managers like Simon do not look at it from that angle. In the capacity of General Manager, Fred Gibson is within his rights while handling the issue. Perhaps he went slightly wrong in not going through proper channel. Usually people like Simon are conventional while dealing with other people at work place. They usually feel threatened to go out of the written rules. They do not like to create precedents, as they are unsure of workers' temperament. They will be apprehensive about further demands of workers, if more liberty is granted to them. They are usually insecure in their places and guard the connected prestige and hierarchy with great zeal and changing these attitudes is not always easy. "The real problem is to get people to fundamentally change their behaviour so that they become the actors who will operate in such a way that 'best practice'

Critically assess Hindu film 'Daya Sagar' (1978) that depicts the life Essay

Critically assess Hindu film 'Daya Sagar' (1978) that depicts the life of Christ. In what way might your chosen film be said to be religious - Essay Example said to have had a long history of use as a missions tool in India, being used to tell the story of Christ to the Indian population in a presentation that makes them feel that they can own the story, since it presents the religious tale in a way that seems culturally relevant. In this sense, the film has a long history of presentation as a religious film. However, as a strictly academic matter, this raises an important set of questions: James Wall (1971), the editor of The Christian Advocate wrote a classic volume of film interpretation that begins with a consideration of censorship of such themes as sexuality in modern cinema and moves toward an aesthetic consideration of the filmmaker’s responsibility when presenting a film as a religious work. In the book, he argues that it is only natural for people oriented toward religion to move beyond a secular concern for assessing film according to religious values to developing standards that can direct the production of film that serves the purposes of religion in a more proactive manner. After all, he writes, concerning Christianity specifically, the need to communicate religious messages is felt as a requirement of the faith by adherents of religion, and film is a particularly good medium to use to communicate with the masses (p. 18). Once we consider the fact that, according to Christian doctrine, â€Å"all realms† are to be used for the Glory of God, i t is no longer controversial to consider the possibility that film, which is sometimes thought to deal mostly with serious secular topics such as drugs and sex, can be used to represent religion as well. In many ways, in fact, appropriating film as a religious tool is similar to the practice of putting Christian-themed lyrics to popular songs in bygone eras, including some tunes that may have been heard more likely in a saloon rather than a bar. It is using an evocative medium to tell a compelling message, and doing so in a way that appeals to the masses. One

Key Dimensions of National Culture in Saudi Arabia using Hofstede Research Paper

Key Dimensions of National Culture in Saudi Arabia using Hofstede Model - Research Paper Example Uncertainty Avoidance The day to day business of Saudi Arabia is also greatly influenced by Islamic principles; which we will analyze in the light of Hofstede model. Geert Hofstede used 5 dimensions to analyze the culture of various countries; these dimensions being power distance individualism, masculinity/femininity, uncertainty avoidance and long term orientation. Hofstede analysis for Saudi Arabia validates that their Muslim faith plays a significant role in people’s lives. (Hofstede, 1980) Their business culture puts a great emphasise on personal relationships between business associates. The Saudis prefer to do business with their family members, friends or those they are quiet familiar with. This shows that they like to be in their comfort zones, and do not trust people easily while doing business. Saudis like to have rigid codes of belief and behaviors and are intolerant of unorthodox behavior and ideas. For example, they do not approve of any unislamic habits or behav iors like drinking alcohol, eating pork, womenizing, gambling etc. This also gives an insight on the uncertainty avoidance of Saudis, which is 80 and it indicates that they prefer to avoid uncertainty in life. While doing business with familiar people, they can avoid the risk of working with someone entirely new. They have strict islamic punishments for theft, rape, murder and other crimes to put an iron hand on criminals. They have conservative dress codes in business and do not approve of modern attires. They are very risk averse in nature and avoid changes. By having rigid codes of conducts, laws, regulations, and rules they ensure that there is least amount of uncertainty and the unexpected do not happen. Power distance Saudi Arabia works in a high power distance community. Power is distributed ineuqally and there are vertical organizational structure. (Doing business in Saudi Arabia, online) Saudia is one of the few countries in the world, where the greatest power lies in the r oyal palace. Their king has the most authority in the country. Their score of 95 (Hofstede, 1980) on power distance indicates that the people accept their strict hierarichal model and do not object the unequal distribution of power. The power is usually central and most decisions are made at the top level, which are then filtered down with clear and exact directions to subordinates. The subordinates are much less empowered as compared to other cultures, and they do not have authority to make decisions. This shows their tendency to stick to tradional values and unacceptibility for modern menthods of business and governance. Collectivistic Society Saudis muslim faith compels them to stick to their families. A great emphasize on the family values is given in islam. Saudis value their families and friends, and deem them to be the most important aspects of their lives. Their decisions are largely influenced by the social setting they live in, and the responsibilities they have as family members. With a score of 25, they are very collectivistic society. They are driven by long term commitments in the form of groups. These groups consists of family, extended family and friends. Because of their muslim faith, loyalty and strong relationships with their family and friends is very important. As Islam considers all muslims as brothers and sisters, Saudis are very committed towards their fellow muslims. Maculinity Goverened by their faith, women are given great respect

Critically assess Hindu film 'Daya Sagar' (1978) that depicts the life Essay

Critically assess Hindu film 'Daya Sagar' (1978) that depicts the life of Christ. In what way might your chosen film be said to be religious - Essay Example said to have had a long history of use as a missions tool in India, being used to tell the story of Christ to the Indian population in a presentation that makes them feel that they can own the story, since it presents the religious tale in a way that seems culturally relevant. In this sense, the film has a long history of presentation as a religious film. However, as a strictly academic matter, this raises an important set of questions: James Wall (1971), the editor of The Christian Advocate wrote a classic volume of film interpretation that begins with a consideration of censorship of such themes as sexuality in modern cinema and moves toward an aesthetic consideration of the filmmaker’s responsibility when presenting a film as a religious work. In the book, he argues that it is only natural for people oriented toward religion to move beyond a secular concern for assessing film according to religious values to developing standards that can direct the production of film that serves the purposes of religion in a more proactive manner. After all, he writes, concerning Christianity specifically, the need to communicate religious messages is felt as a requirement of the faith by adherents of religion, and film is a particularly good medium to use to communicate with the masses (p. 18). Once we consider the fact that, according to Christian doctrine, â€Å"all realms† are to be used for the Glory of God, i t is no longer controversial to consider the possibility that film, which is sometimes thought to deal mostly with serious secular topics such as drugs and sex, can be used to represent religion as well. In many ways, in fact, appropriating film as a religious tool is similar to the practice of putting Christian-themed lyrics to popular songs in bygone eras, including some tunes that may have been heard more likely in a saloon rather than a bar. It is using an evocative medium to tell a compelling message, and doing so in a way that appeals to the masses. One

The Victorian era Essay Example for Free

The Victorian era Essay Magwitchs reaction when Pip shows him where his mother immediately makes the reader feel sorry for him. Now then lookee here! said the man. Wheres your mother? There, sir, Said I. He started, made a short run, and stopped and looked over his shoulder. Due to the fact he is making a short run at the mere mention of someone seeing him, reveals Magwitchs deeper insecurities and fear of being caught. Also the fact he is scared of a woman would create an even greater feeling of sympathy for him, especially amongst those reading in the Victorian era, as it was uncommon to have a man scared of a woman. This reaction also suggests that Magwitch may not be as strong as he originally made out, but is only putting on an act to scare Pip. Magwitch demands Pip bring him file and wittles and as he does so he tilts Pip over the tombstone a little more. You bring em both to me. He tilted me again, Or Ill have your heart and liver torn out. He tilted me again. By recreating the tilting movement again and saying it in the same repetitive manner, represents the mounting fear and unease Pip is experiencing and also stresses the difference in power; with Magwitch at this point, looming over Pip in a menacing manner, thus leading the reader to feel greater sympathy for him in such a situation and much less so for Magwitch. As Pip watches the convict leave, he says glancing about him over the cold wet flat, I wish I was a frog or a eel. Wishing to be a frog or an eel shows us how difficult Magwitch find his surroundings and that in being a frog or an eel means he doesnt not have to suffer in the cold and wet marshes any longer. Also when he says a eel it gives a hint as to the fact the Magwitch is possibly illiterate as he says a eel instead of an eel. This creates sympathy for Magwitch as it not only tells us he is uneducated but also that he may never have had the chance to go to school. Magwitchs departure creates further sympathy for him as he hugged his shuddering body in both arms and limped toward the Low Church wall. The fact he is limping could either indicate he is hurt or that the cold has numbed his body. Either way the reader feels sympathy for Magwitch, as unlike Pip, he does not have the option of going back home. Instead he is forced to pick his way among the nettles, and among brambles. Once again this shows the reader the difficulties he is facing with his surroundings and in turn this makes the reader feel sorry for him as it is clear that he has nowhere else to go. As Pip describes his surroundings once again as the sun is setting, he talks of how he can faintly make out two things on the horizon- a beacon the sailors use to steer and the other, a gibbet, from whose chain a pirate once hung. As Pip describes Magwitch walking towards the latter it gives a sense of foreboding as though something terrible is about to happen and that the gibbet (for Magwitch) might symbolise death. This creates sympathy for Magwitch as it is shown as another reminder to the reader of the punishment he could face if caught. Dickens creates sympathy for his characters, Pip and Magwitch in many ways. By carefully structuring his story; he is able to swing the readers sympathy from Pip to Magwitch as the story progresses. By introducing Pip first, Dickens made the reader feel sympathetic towards his situation. However, he was also able to make the reader empathise with Magwitch as well despite his less than honourable actions. Dickens also uses the characters dialogue and body language to represent how a character feels and what they are thinking.

The Jacobean and Victorian age of literature

The Jacobean and Victorian age of literature Chapter -1 INTRODUCTION The first thing we should know that why we study about literature and its history. We study literature because it has two features, one of simple pleasure and cherishing, the other of analysis and accurate explanation. In literature, for a short time, at least, we find a new world, a world that it seems a place of fantasy and magic. Literature is the utterance of life in words of sincerity and attractiveness. The first theme of this course is an introduction to the Jacobean Age and Victorian Age. Jacobean Age (1603-1625) After the death of Queen Elizabeth in 1603, James 1 ascended the throne of England. The period of his reign is called the Jacobean Age. This age was also known as the Age of Transition. The Jacobean era succeeds the  Elizabethan era  and precedes the Caroline era, and specifically denotes a style of architecture, visual arts, decorative arts, and literature that is predominant of that period. During this period,  painting and  sculpture fall behind architecture in achievement because there was no fine expert of either. The chief of the early Jacobean painters was the marvelous miniaturist Isaac Oliver. Most of the Jacobean portraitists, like the sculptors, were foreign-born or foreign-influenced—for example, Marcus Gheerhaerts the Younger, Paul van Somer, Cornelius Johnson, and Daniel Mytens. Their efforts were later excel by those of the Flemish painters Peter Paul Rubens and Anthony Van Dyck, who worked in England during the reign of  Charles I. Elizabeth was famous and understanding, whereas, James was not at all famous. He was ignorant and could not communicate with the people. His court was wasteful and dishonorable. The critical nature can be seen in the literature of the age. Key Themes: Economy and Society: At the beginning of the 17th century, England and Wales had more than four million people. The population had doubled above the preceding century, and it proceeded to grow for next 50 years. Increase in population led to social and economic problems, like long term price inflation. Government and Society: Seventeenth century was completely bound together with the social hierarchy that controlled local communities. Rank, status, and reputation were the basis that allows members of the local elect to serve the crown either in the counties or at court. Political theory strained hierarchy, patriarchy, and deference in narrating the natural order of English society. The most common illustration of this political community was the metaphor of the body politics. Religious Policy: The Millenary Petition (1603) began a debate on the religious formation that James intended to defend. The king called many major bishops to hold the formal discussion with the reformers. The Hampton Court Conference (1604) saw the king waking personal role in the discussion. Finance and Politics: The annual budget in Scotland was hardly 50,000. James I inherited serious financial problems. Queen Elizabeth had left a debt of more than 400,000. James’s good chance that the latter grew after the judges ruled in Bate’s case (1606). Jacobean Drama Jacobean literature begins with the drama, including some of Shakespeares famous and tragic plays. The dominant literary figure of Jamess reign was Ben  Jonson, whose varied and dramatic works followed classical models and were enriched by his worldly, peculiarly English wit. His satiric dramas, notably the great Volpone (1606), all take a cynical view of human nature. One of the reasons for the immorality in Jacobean drama was it that it lost all the communication with the common people. In the age of Elizabeth, the dramatists and the audiences had been satisfied whereas, in the age of James, dramatists borrowed the themes and overstated the attitude of Spanish drama, and came across of interest and crime in Italy and Italian subjects. They refreshed the drama of tragedy into the drama of horror. Jacobean dramatist, however, showed a special skill in development of their themes and plots. Jacobean drama was patronized mostly by the classes which were known as Morality without character. Themes of death, time and instability committed the focus of most writers. Shakespearean tragedy does give rise to the sentiments of sorrow and worry, but it does not form depression. There are death and destruction. The cheer feeling is absent from Jacobean tragedy. The doubt, obscurity and despair of this age are reflected by its tragedy also. The Jacobean Age also brought a new kind of fashion, realistic and satire comedy. Victorian Age (1830-1901) The Victorian Period revolves about the political career of Queen Victoria. She was crowned in 1837 and died in 1901. A great deal of change took place during this periodbrought about because of the Industrial Revolution; so its not surprising that the literatureof the period is often concerned with social reform. The 19th century was one of fast development and restyle, far rapidly than in previous centuries. In this period England changed from a rural, agricultural country to an urban, industrialised one. This involved huge disruption and thoroughly adjusted the attributes of society. It took many years for both government and people to accommodate to the new conditions. Key Themes: Population growth and migration: Between 1801 and 1871 alone the population of the UK increased. Migration started in both directions. Many people left their home town in search of a better life. Most people who were poor migrated in large numbers, especially, Irish poor to England, Scotland, as well as abroad. Therefore, population of UK rises, where people came to find work. Migrants from across the world also settled in Britain, notably Jews from Europe and Russia. The Industrial Revolution: New inventions started taking place that force to a large development of production, through the factory system. There were vast social costs: the mechanized of work, child labour, pollution, and the growth of cities where poverty, pollution and illness bloomed. Also farm work affects long hours, very little salary and exposure to all weathers. The rise of the middle classes: Society was hierarchical, but there was much social and geographical flexibility. Self-made entrepreneurs used their new wealth to grow in society, building huge houses, educating their children and employing domestic servants. It was noted later that by the 1880s 1.25 million people were employed in domestic service. The growth of democracy: The franchise was gently stretched out to the working classes, till by the end of the period there were legal rights for men. The fight for votes for women was in full swing, but it was not until 1930 that women achieved the same voting rights as men. Expansion of Empire: Britain lost her American Empire, before the starting of 19th century. They were acquiring another in India. Britain’s accession of additional territory over the world continued strongly. By the end of Victorias reign imperialists could boast that the sun never set upon the British Empire. Victorian Drama In Victorian drama, farces, musical burlesques, extravaganzas and comic operas competed with Shakespeare productions and serious drama by the likes of James Planchà © and Thomas William Robertson. Victorian drama sees changes with excess on the London stage of  farces,  comic operas, and many more that competed with  Shakespeare  productions and serious drama by the likes of  James Planche  and  Thomas William Robertson. The 19th century saw the drama become the greatest form of literature in English. The works by pre-Victorian writers such as  Jane Austen and Walter Scott  had elaborate two things-social satire and adventure stories. Victorian novels aim to be glorifying images of difficult lives in which hard work, diligence, love and luck. They leaned to be of a developing nature with a moral lesson and mixed with a heavy dose of sentiment. While this formula was the basis for much of earlier Victorian fiction, the situation became more complex as the century pr ogressed. The Victorians dramatists also started writing novels on children, putting a purpose to stop child labour and the introduction of necessary education. Children began to read and so, literature for young people became a growth industry. Therefore, writers started producing works for children. Writers like  Lewis Carroll,R. M. Ballantyne  and Anna Sewell wrote mainly for children, even though they had an adult following.